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(JoiiFFnop HarauFl MaFb, 

OF RHODE ISLAND. 
1725-1776. 







THE 



LIFE AND- SERVICES 



OF 



0B.er:ii0r S^niB^I W 




OF RHODE ISLAND, 



A MEMBER OF THE CONTINENTAL CONGRESS 



l^ 1774, 1775 AND 1776. 



BY HIS GREAT-GRANDSON, 

JOHN WARD, 



OF NKW YORK. 



r 



^- 



PROVIDENCE, R. I. : 

J. A. & R. A. REID, Printers, 

1877. 



^207 



NOTE. 



The life of Governor Samuel AVaru has been very ably written by Professor 
William Gammell, and will be found in the ninth volume of Sparks' Library of 
American Biography. In tlie preparation of this interesting biograpliy. Professor 
GammcU used many of the family papers now in the possession of tlie author of 

/ this sketch. It occurred to the writer that so many more letters and papers had 

been collected since that time by his late \Hiele, Richard R. Ward, especially the 

-* diary of (iovernor Ward in the Continental Congress, that a new article might be 

written, embodying the best part of these documents, and illustrating the char- 
acter of Governor Ward as an American statesman. Hon. Samuel G. Arnold, in 

1^ his History of Rhode Island and in his Centennial Address, mentions Governor Ward 

in very appropriate terms, especially alluding to his refusal to take the oath to 
enforce the Stamp Act. Dr. George Bancroft mentions this refusal of the Cover, 
nor in the fifth volume of his History of the United States, page 351. 

The following sketch was i-ead by the author before the Rhode Island Histori- 
cal Society at Providence, K. 1., by invitation, on Tuesday evening, December 19, 
1S7G. It was published in the Providence Journal on Christmas day, the week 
following; and the writer desires to express his thanks to the Rhode Island His- 
torical Society for the resolutions passed in regard to his article, which are 
alluded to in the notice of the meeting in the Providence Journal of the 20th 
instant. 

New York, December 27, 1876. 



GOVERNOR SAMUEL WARD,, 

OF RHODE ISLAND, 
By Col. John Ward, of New York. 



The life of :i great andemineutly good man 
leaves an inii>i'ess on his seneration, whirli is 
very lastiii^MU its efffcts; altlioii;ih Iiis fame 
may be dversliadoweil by that of otiiers, 
■whose gooii fortune lias been to live on and 
reap the reward of their labors. The veil of 
secreiiy that so Ions rested over the proceed- 
ings of the Continental Congress did no ia- 
.inry to the renntatiim of those members vvlio 
lived to sign the Dei'larationof Independence; 
but in the case of the subject of this memoir, 
an untimely death, by precluding him from 
signing that immortal document, prevented 
his arduous labors in the cause of liis ccuin- 
try from being as widely appreciated as they 
deserved. 

Governor Samuel Ward, of Rhode Island, 
a very prouiincnt member of the celebr.ated 
Continental Congress, and a patriotic states- 
man of most enlightened views, was born .at 
Newport, K. I., May 27, 17'.',5. lie was the 
second son of Governor Kichard Ward, of an 
ancient family settled in tliat colony, and 
was descended from the celebr;ited lioger 
Williams. lie received a very tlioniugli edu- 
cation, residing at Newport uutil he w.as 20 
years of age. When he married .\nna Uay, 
;\nd removed to \Vesterly, li. 1. Tliere he 
rapidly rose to prominence and wealth, his 
agrii'ultural and mercantile pursuits iiroving 
very remunerative. While residiug there he 
beciime well acquainted witli the dis- 
tinguished philosopher, Benjamin Franklin, 
who established a long corresixuideuce witn 
Samuel W.ard's sister-in-law. Catherine Kay. 
In IT.'iii, Mr. Wanl was elected to the (iene- 
ral Assembly of Uhode Island, and continued 
to represent Westerly in that body until 
175!>. He took a leading part in the debates 
of the Assembly and was speedily looked up 
to with great respect, early winning for 
himself the wide and commanding in- 



fluence that his noble character and 
talents deserved. In I'.IS, he was 
one of the two delegates representing 
Kliode Island in the Convention c.'illed at 
Hartford by the Karl of l.oudoun Uj settle the 
quot;l of New England troops in the French 
war, and reported the jiroceedings of the 
Convention to the Uhode Isl.and Legislature. 
In ITiil, lie was ap|ioiutcd Cliiid' .lustice of 
tlie c<»Iony, and in May, ITtiJ, while holding 
this olHce, was elected (ioveriior. During liis 
first term he was mui'h interested in the 
wise plan of founding Kliode island (College, 
now lirown I'niversity. His name appe:irs 
ainotig the first signers of the petition for a 
charter, and in 17(14 he became one of the 
original trustees, when the college was incor- 
porated l)y the Legislature. His son. Lieu- 
tenant Colonel Samuel Ward, was graduated 
with high honors in one of its earliest dashes. 
In 17()5. he was reiilected (iovernor, and, ii,)on 
tlie [lassage of the iufaiiious St;itiip \vX by 
Parliament, immerliately took strong gro ind 
against its enforcement. The Khode Isl.ind 
Assembly, in September, adofited the live 
celebrated resolutions dr.awn up by Patrick 
Henry, of Virginia, to which another an! a 
bolder one was .added, the whole breathing 
virtually a tone of independence. The G iv- 
ernors of all the colonies but one took the 
oath to sustain and enforce the odious Stamp 
.Vet. Sauiuel Ward, "the Governorof Khode 
Island, stood alone in his patriotic refus U," 
says the historian Mancroft. In the month of 
Ov'tober, a Coloni.al Congress, representing 
nine colonies, was held at New York to pro- 
test against this oppressive measure. Henry 
Wanl. a brother of t_iovernor Ward, and ni>ted 
as holding the office of Secretary of Khode 
Island for many years, was one of the two 
deleg.ates from liis native colony. The fol- 
lowing year, Samuel Ward was again elected 



Governor Samuel Ward, 



Governor, continuinEr to reside in Newport 
■while in office. His future colleague in 
the Continental Congress, Stephen Hopkins, 
■was generally the rival candidate opposed to 
him, and party feeling in Khode Island 
ran high, until finally a compromise was 
agreed upon, and the two statesmen became 
fiim friends. After the expiration of his 
third term of office, Governor Ward returned 
to his home at Westerly, R. I., where he re- 
mained in retirement, closely observing the 
rapid march of events, until he was called 
to legislate for the whole country. He fre- 
quently attended the sessions of the General 
Assembly, although holding no office, and 
exerted a wide influence in the decision of 
questions of great pub'ic interest. 

In consequence of the oppressive acts of 
the British ministry, Virginia and Rhode Isl- 
and took the lead in establishing standing 
committees of correspondence and inquiry, 
in order to obtain the earliest intelligence of 
all measures of the British government re- 
lating to America, and to correspond with 
similar committees iu the other colonies. 
Governor Ward saw the advantage of ex- 
tending this system to all the towns in Rhode 
Island, and accordingly, on the 31st of De- 
cember, 1773, so.'.n after the patriotic de- 
stiuction of the tea at Boston, addressed a 
letter to some prominent gentlemen of New- 
port, urging thenecessity of establishing such 
committees of correspondence in the various 
towns of the colony, and suggesting that 
Newport, their metropolis, should lead the 
way in this important matter. This remarka- 
ble letter was signed by himself and several 
other patriots of Westerly, and is as follows: 

Westerlt, 3Ist Dec, 1773. 
Gentlemen— As Liberty, under God, is the pa- 
rent of wisdom, virtue an'd happiness, and the only 
serurity -nhich mankind can have for the enjoy- 
ment of those invahiable blessings, we have be- 
held witli the deepest concern, tlie many uncon- 
etiiutlonal, violent and unjust attacks which have 
been made npfui the liberties of America. Many 
of thesr Htli tiipts have been deleated by the 
brave r.'tJistiiii.-.- i.i the Americaiisj and the colo- 
nies in Keinr;il have gloriously asserted tJieir just 
riyhts and privileges, and nlaced the justice of 
their cause in a Jiyht as clear as that of the me- 
ridian sun. But the administration, ipsensible of 
every humane, generous, and equitable sentiment, 
still continues its vile attempts to enslave us. 
There is therefore tlie greatest necessity that a 
general, tirm and inviolable union and intercourse 
of all the coloiiies. and of the several towns in each 
colony, should immediately take place, that the 
ministry may be etfectuallv convinced tbat an op- 
position 10 their measures hath been made, not by 
a tew Inter^Bted, designing or factious persons, 
but by the joint <-oncurrence of people of all rankn 
in the several colonies. To put this matter bey jnd 
a doubt, aid convince the world that America is 
firmly united, and resolved never to give up their 
lil>erties but with their lives and fortunes, we 
think a point of the greatest importance. We are 
sensible that the appointment of committees of 
correspondence by the several governm^'nts will 
have a most happy tendency in this respect. 



But we think something further necessary, and 
can think of nothing to effectual as the calling of 
town ineelint^s in every town ill the several colo- 
nies, in oriler tu publish to the world th»ir senti- 
ments iii)un the present alaiming situation ot af- 
fairs, particularly their detestation ot and deter- 
mination to oppose to the last extr*^mity the base 
attempts niacie by the East India Company to es- 
tablish tea factor-s and tax-gathererij amongst us; 
and to ue«-l;iie the tirm resolution ot every town to 
support earh iiiher. dnd especially our most wor- 
thy bieflireii in Boston, who have so nobly sus- 
tained and deteated every ministerial attempt 
upon their liberties, and also to manifest our uu- 
afterable resolution to live freemen, or die glori- 
ously in defence of our jiberties. 

With views o£ this kind, we had thought 
of calling a town meeting in Westerly' ; but 
as it would be most for the iiiteresl 
of the common cause that a measure of 
such importnnce should orit;inate in the metro- 
polis, we chose to communicate our sentiments 
to our brethren in Newport: and as you, gentle- 
men, have generously undertaken to watcYi over 
the interests of your country, and point out every 
attempt upon liberty, we thought we could not 
address ou^^elve8 to any gentlemen in the colony 
with so much propriety as to you. If the meauure 
suggested by us should appear to you in the same 
important light which it does to ui-. you will un- 
doubtedly tnke the proper measures for carrying 
it into immediate execution iu this, and all the 
other governments. 

"We shall expect your sentimer ts by Mr. S , 

before we proceed any further, and have no doubt 
but that the maritime towns will be supported hy 
all the otiier towns in the colony. We 
have only to add that the crisis, the impor- 
tant crisis which must determine whelh>'r 
the inhabitants of this vast continent sh-tll 
be the greatest and most happy people in the 
uni erse, or a race of vile, misernhle. unhappy, 
wretched slaves, appears to us to be now come. * * 
• Let us then staijd firm, and whatsoever 
onr hands find to do in this glorious caiibe, doit 
with all our might. May that God who delivered 
our fathers from the cruel hands of oppression 
and persecution, and preserved them amidst all 
the dangers and flistreps attending their settle- 
ment in a wilderness destitute of every necessary 
of life and inhabited by numerous tribes ot tierce 
savages, give us wisdom and virtue to defend those 
liberties they so gloriously pufhased and trans- 
mitted to us, and to establish our just rights and 
firivileges upon a foundation which shall last as 
ong as the sun and moou endure!'* 

Gov. Ward wrote in a similar strain to 
prominent men in other towns of the colony; 
and, on the second of February, 1774, intro- 
duced a series of resolutions at a meeting of 
the town of Westerly, as chairman of the 
committee of correspondence, which fully 
recite the grievances of which the colonies 
complained, and urge resistance as the only 
alternative remaining to them as freemen. 
The meeting was very largely attended, and 
the resolutions were adopted without a dis- 
senting voice. 

It is well known that the destruction of the 
tea in Boston harbor only incited the British 
ministry to more grievous measures, and the 
Boston Port bill .ind other accompanying 
acts warned the colonists that no mercy was 
to be expected. These celebrated measures 
powerfully aided in precipitating the Revolu- 
tion. 



Gov€r7ior Samuel Ward. 



On tlio ITtli of May, 1774, at a town meet- 
ing in Proviiicnce, a general Congress of all 
tlio I'olniiics was tirst jiroposed, :iud op the 
\hX.\\ of .lime, during the session of the Gen- 
eral Asseinhly, Samuel Ward and Stephen 
Hopkins were elei-ted the tirst delegates 
from any colony to the Continental Congress, 
whieli suhse(juently met at I'hll.uleijthia. 
Two days later, (iovernor Ward addressed a 
letter (signt^d also by Stephen Hopkins) to 
tlie Hon. Thomas Cashing, S|»eaker of tlie 
Massaehusetts House of liepresentatives. It 
reads as follows: 

Newport, ITlh May (V .hnie), 1774. 

Sir—The (Jeiif rrtl Asaembly of this i-nlony li:iv- 
iuR in their present session resolved that tlie 
pieservalioii of Aliiericii requires ;v «*(mveiitinn of 
Tf preseiitHtivea from all the c.il.iiiies. ami ap- 
pi'iiited ua to represent this folniiv in a (.'niif^^ress, 
we take the earliest opportunity to jisMire you 
that we Bh>ill ut alltiin-s he ready most htintdy 
to oonuiir witli your Province, and tlie other rolo- 
iileB, In all proper measures tor elfeerii;iiiy restor- 
ing ihe ^eace ot Aiiieriea, and estahligli- 
in^; the just rights of the oolonies. When 
we oonsider the distress in whieh your 
people are already involved, and tiie danger 
wliK'h threatens us all, we are of opinion no time 
ought to be lost, hut that as soon as all the colonies 
c»N have time to concur in the measure, the Con- 
gress ought to l>e held. We wo\iIri liv no ineitos 
recommend a time so short MS wouhl puclude the 
niiTe distant colonies from an o|i(iort unity of 
sending commissioners; for the more Kenerai. the 
more important and permanent will be the happy 
consequences of it. 

with regard to the place of meeting, we must 
oliserve tliat the great design upi>n which we are 
to assemble, is more to be attended to than our 
own per-tou;il I'oiiveiiience. and that plai-e wliere 
there will be the feweht objects to draw the 
attention of the commissioners from the great 
business of their meeting, must be the fittest 
place for the Congress. In a government under 
ministerial Instnu'iions, some inlerruntions may 
he attempted ; but in one under the direction o'f 
the people nothing of thtt ki"d can happen. 
For these reasons, aod on account of the danger 
of taking the small-jtox in some jdaces which 
may be named, we should like one (d the j)lace8 
proposed by the committee of correspondence tor 
Connecticut, or Princeton in the .lerseys; but we 
will make no difflculties on our own account, but 
will readily join the other coniraissioners at any 
time and place agreed upon by the majority." 

The Congress met at Philadelphia, Sept. 
5, 1774. (iovernor Ward Journeyed thither 
on horseback. His private diary of this and 
the succeeding Congress is still preserved. 
He writes: 

"Arrived In Philadelphia 30th Aug.. 1774. In the 
eveidtuf. Aug. ;H. In ine forenoon the delegates 
from South Carolina, and some gentlemen of 
the cltv, came to see me; soon after, the delegates 
from Boston. >cw Hampshire and <d' the <d*y, 
(save ttmso out of town) and the Fttrmi-r, (Mr. 
Jehn Uickinson.) in the afternoon, several gen- 
tlemen of the city; Mr. Hopkins and lady and the 
delejiHtes from Connecticut arrived. Sept. ."itii. 
Met at the New TMveni. went to Carpenters' Hall, 
»nd liking the place aureed to hold ihei'onKress 
tliere, took a list of the delegates, chose the Hono- 
rxble I'eyton Kanriolph, President, and Mr. 
Charles Thrunpson, Secretar>'. rend the appoint- 
ineuts of the delegates, considered of the man- 



ner of each Colony's voting and rules for regulat- 
ing the business, hut adjourned until 10 o'clock 
to-morrow, tith. Met at 10 o'clock, each colony to 
have one vote, et^^, etc. Mr. Du<Th); desired to 
open by prayer to-nmrrow at ii o'<'loek. Kept. "th. 
Mr. Ducht- read prayers and lessons, and conclu- 
ded with one of the most sublime, catholic, well- 
adapted prayers I cvei lu'itrd. Tlianlts for it. and 
presented bv Mr. t'ushlng and Mr. Ward. A 
committee of two from eaih colony appointed to 
luepare a statement ul the rights oV the colonists, 
the iiilrit gement ol tbitse rights, and the means 
of redress. • • • Sept."J2d. The Congress met, 
made and ordered jtublle a request t'l the mer- 
chants not to import, and also to direct a delay of 
orders already sent, nnlU the Congress came to 
resolutions on that point," etc. 

(iovernor Ward entered upon hi.s duties 
with great xeal for his country's welfare, 
and a .-jineere wish for independence, which 
he niainlaiued througlioiit. He soon be- 
came intini;itely acquainted with Washing- 
ton, then a delegate from Virginia, and 
what is preserved of their subsequent cor- 
respondence is very interesting. In a lett-^r 
to his son Samuel, dated at Philadelphia, 
Oct. "I'l, 1774, he sums up the proceedings of 
the lirst Congress as follows: 

"We have formed a bill of rights, a list 
of grievances. and for redress of those 
yriexnnces. agreed upon a petition to the 
Kui^.a non-imporl;itioii, non-exportation and UOD- 
ci.ii^umpiion at,'ieeiuents. an address to the pe>)- 
pU; ot Knglaud. anutlier to tho«e ot* America, have 
stignnitized Bernard Hutchinson, and other 
wret<!he8 in Boston, and advised resistance a.d 
reprisals, in case any attempt should be made to 
seize and iransport any jiersons to England fi>r 
trial. Our proceedings are to he s»-nt to all the 
colonies ana the West Indies to invite them to 
juiu us. 

The Congress adjourned on the 2()th of 
October, after summoning a new Congress 
for the following May, and the delegates re- 
turned home. Samuel Ward and Stephen 
Hopkins reported the proceedings to the 
Khiide Island Assembly, at Providence, on 
the fourth of December, and received a vote 
of thanks for "the wise, spirited and faithful 
discharge of the important trust reposed in 
them," and were unanimously reelected as 
members of the new Congress.' 

That body met at Philadelpliia on the 
tenth of May, 177'!, while the p.alriotic excite- 
ment occasioned by the battle of Lexingt-m 
was stiil ringing through tlie country. Khode 
Island immediately proceeded to rai.^e troops 
for the emergency", the commissions i>f the of- 
ficers being signed umler authority of the 
I,egisl.iture by (_;ov. Ward's brotlier Henry- 
Ward, the Secretary of the colony, who was 
found faithful In hoiir of trial; while Gover- 
nor Wanton and the Deputy (iovernor pro- 
tested against the proceeding.-*, and were 
consequently soon after reim)ved from oltice. 
Governor Ward's son Samuel, a youth of 
eighteen, promptly raised a company in 
King's and Kent counties, and received a 
commission as Captain. Governor Ward 



8 



Governor Samuel IFan/. 



journeyed to Philadelphia as before on horse- 
back, and took his seat on the fifteenth cf 
Way, becoming immediately very prominent, 
his name, as before, constantly appearing in 
the journal of Congress. Nearly every day 
Congress resolved itself into a committee of 
the whole, and Governor Ward on such occa- 
pif ns was always called to the chair, John 
Hancock, the Piesident, first summoning 
him to that position on the 2Gth of May. 
Wuch of the business was prepared during 
these sessions, and Gov. Ward was chair- 
man during a very momentous portion of 
the proceedings, from Way 2(i, 1775, to March 
13,1776. He was chairman of the ccmmit- 
tee of the whole when it was resolved to 
elect a Geneial for the continental forces, 
June 15, 1775, and made his report accoid- 
ingly, the choiie of Congress unanimously 
falling en Col. George Washington, iben. as 
before, a delegate fiom Virginia. Gov. 
Ward's letters continue to throw light on the 
pi oceedings of Congress. He writes tro his 
younger biother, Henry, Secretary of Rhode 
island, as follows: 

* PHrLADBLPBiA, 22d June, 1775. 

\esteraay the famous Mr. Jtffersoii. a delegate 
fn ni Virginia, in the ror.ni ut Sir. R»i doli)li. ar- 
ri\ed. I have not beeii in comjiiiiiy with liini yet. 
He looks like a very seDsilile. spi.ittd. fine lellow, 
aid, by the panjiblet T\hich be wrote last sum- 
mer, he cerlaitly is one. 

The celebrated John .Adams repeatedly 
mentions Gov. Ward in his diary, and enter- 
tained a very high opinion of him. Gov. 
Ward's son Samuel was a Captain atthat time 
in Col. Varnnm's regiment, the Twelfth Khode 
Island, forming originally a part of the 
"Khode Island Army of Observation" under 
Geneial Nath. Greene, from May, 1775; Gov. 
Ward's influence having brought about Gen. 
Gieene's appointment. The Rhode Island 
troops were encamped at Cambridge, Mas.s., 
where General Washington assumed com 
mand of the forces besieging Boston on the 
3d of July, 177."); and it is said that "only in 
the Rhode Island liegiments under Geneial 
Gieene, did Washington discover aught of 
military order, .-ystem, discipline and subor- 
dination." After the battle of Bunker's Hill, 
in which the Rhode Island troops were not 
engaged, Captain Ward was stationed at 
Piospect Hill, near Charlestown, where the 
tioops underwent a very heavy bombard- 
ment from the British, followed by constant 
skirmishing. Gov. Ward's letters to his son 
at that period, as throughout, breathe a most 
lofty spirit of patriotism. 

The Congress adjourned August 1st, until 
Sept. 5th, 1775, and Governor Ward return- 
ed to his home .at Westerly, R. I. On the 
loth of August he wrote to his son, Captain 
Ward, then stationed at Cambridge, as fol- 
lows: "It gives me inexpressible pleasure to 



find General 'Washington so universally ac- 
ceptable to all the troops. I was sure, from 
the intimate acquaintance I had with him, 
his appointment would certainly be attended 
with the most happy consequences." In 
another letter to his son, written a few days 
previously, he says: "iS'ever having heard 
that you had been introduced to General 
Washington, I have enclosed you a letter to 
him. ileltitopen that you may read it, 
then seal and deliver it immediately." 
General Washington shortly after wrote to 
Governor \\ ard, and says in'his letter, dated 
at Canibiidge, August, i775: "I did not know 
till yesteiday that vou had a son in the ar- 
my; to-day i had the pleasure of his compa- 
ny at dinner, together wiih Geneial Greene. 
Colonels ■\arnum and Hitchcock had al- 
ready done me that lavor. I think, if occa- 
sion should ofler, 1 shall he able to give you 
a good account of your son, as he seems a 
sen.«ible, well-intoimtd joung man." In 
September, 1775, Captain Ward, with his 
company, joined Arnold's celebrated expedi- 
tion to tjuebec, and underwent the terrible 
hardships of the campaign with great forti- 
tude. Governor ^^ aids interest in the 
struggle continued unatiated. Shortly beiore 
this he writes to a correspondent; "You 
wish for peace, so do I; but never upon any 
other terms but those which will secure the 
liberties of my country." 

The Continental Congress had adjourned 
to the 5th of Stpttmber, but a quorum was 
not obtained until the Kith instant. Gover- 
nor Ward arrived in Philadelphia, Sept. 10th, 
and immediately resumed his punctual at- 
tention to public business. He showed his 
apcreciation of General Washington's kind- 
ness to his son in the lollowing letter: 



"FBILADErPHlA.lTth Sept., 1775. 

Dear Sir:— HavinK nothing of immediate conse- 
quence to contmunicate, and determiiting to set 
out for this city in a few days after the receipt 
ot your lavor. I deferred acknowledging it 
until my arrival here. 

I am greatly obliged to jou for the very kind 
notice which yfm were pleased to take ot my son, 
ana the favorable light in which you view htm. 
The advantages of tiavelling he wants; but those 
ot a liberal education he eiiioys. He has seen 
some of the best company in our colony: and, 
from bis moral and political principles, I natter 
mjself his conduct will make him not unworthy 
of your future regard, every instance of which 
I shall most gratefully aiknowledge. 

^ith pleasure 1 onsuve, that you have lately 
received some powder, anel expect some lead and 
arms, from our colony. I hope the measures taken 
by Congress, and by the colonies, will furi.istl 
you with such quantities as will allow the freest 
scepe to your military plans and operations. 

That jtait of your U tier relative to removing the 
stock from the islands and sea coast, I laid before 
our General Assembly . I showed the necessity of 
imraedialtly doing it, in the most forcible ternn; 
and such measures were immediately adopted, as 
have. I imagine, secured all our cattle from the 
enemy, by this time. 



Governor Samuel Ward. 



The inmiiuornblo dlfflculties w»ili-h you niuBt 
liavt* eiu-oiitiirrnl in llie <-(»iiiinnii(i nt an army 
under (llllfrcnt .stuhlislimiMits. hi want 
of arms liiid umniunilion, nunltir siiiiiilien of 
provisions. a military rhest, t-xiuTlf nct'»i 
offlcert), H due oivunizatlon. and h luiudrcd 
other thlnps, I lia^e some, thouKh not an adequate 
coiureption of; hut, Imm the ;i.-co«nts wlilch I 
havy li'f I'li'umni' to ivretve from my Jrifiids tri 
Cunfjri'ws, I ilutiM unt hut your wlsf and sleady at- 
tenllon to Ww svrvi.-c will svirniount all oltsiat'U'S, 
and that bv tlie oixmiIuk of the next i-ampalKn,you 
will have the tineht army under your command 
which ever waa fornu'd in Anit-rifft. 

I am too sensible ot ilie niultipllrity of business 
in whirh you jtrc ell^;;lKed. to Mutter myself vvitli a 
regular rnrn-sjioiHU itie; hut wbenevtr \uu siiall 
eommuiiii'iite aM\ thin^i iieeessary tor the publie 
good To me. you Tuay rely upon my best and (.'oii- 
atant endeavors, botli iu uur own cotocy and in 
Con»;re.s(i, m promote the service. 

I most i.-berrtully entered Into a solemn enK^iKe- 
meiiT. upon \ niir appointment, to support yovi with 
my life and loriiiiie.anil shall uuist n-dniously, and 
with Uie highest uteasure. endeKVor to discharge 
that duty. I'lie i;on;,'ress hej^au to do business last 
Wednesday, but many meiiihers are still abseut. 
Coloi el Lee, Colonel Harrison antl Mr. delferson. 
and the Morth <arollna delegalea at.d somn others, 
have not arrived, Mr. Uanuidph has been rou- 
tined with a fever two or three days; Messrs. 
Wythe and Lee are under iiioeiihition ; .to that Col- 
onel Nelson wlone attends Irom \oiir colony. 

We entered into (he conMder:il imi of your ler- 
ters yesterday. Kor want of a tborounh knowl- 
edge of milifary aifatrs. it wa.s not so well under- 
stood how an otlieer'a having several aiipoint- 
meuts eould mak« any dllTereuee in rank. For in- 
stance, how a llenera'l 'Mlicer's liavlng a regimenc 
or eotnpjny, or a Held oiUcer's having a "lompany, 
could alti r bis rnrk. It seemed to l)e the general 
oi)liiion ihit all nfticers should receive pay only 
for one eomndssion, and that their highest; and 
that when the army was reformed, no person 
should sustain more than one i^tllee. Ittit some 
seemed toappreliend that it ti general oillcer ap- 
pointed by hiseolonv as enlonel of a iiartlcu'ar 
regiment, or a tiehl olhcer as <-aptain of a com- 
pany, were rtl ii«*ed bv the Coii;:rebs eoninii^f'ioiis 
as such, that tin- rolonles would apjuiint other 
colonels and e;ipl,iiiis in Ibeir places, 'i hat this 
Increase of olllcers would augment the dittieuUies 
attending the r«*duction of tlie troops, it such a 
measure should he adopted. Tpon tne whole, tlie 
matter was refeirpil, and as soon as your sever;-! 
letters are couMidereil. %ou will he ac(iuaiuted with 
the seniiments of the Congress. 

We have no ntws here from England later than 
tlie isth of .luly. IVv the Klnti's answer to the pe- 
tition of the L' rd Mayor, Aldermen and (-ommons 
of the city of I.,oiirion, it appears he is determined 
to pursue and enforce his measures. (Jod be 
thanked, that however severe the contest may 
prove, we are now in su<'h a happy wav tliat the 
end must be the estabiisliment of Ameilcan lib- 



To (Jeneral Washin^tou. 



Samuel Ward. 



In addition to daily presiding in Commit- 
tee uf the Whole, (Jovernor Ward was ap- 
pointed a member of the i^ecret committee tu 
contract for arms and munitions of war, 
and was subsequently chosen chairman of 
this committee. *"Ile was also a member of 
the stindiu^ committee on claims and ac- 
count-*," a position compollini; him to be 
familiar with all the operations of the army, 
and with the services rendered by e:ich of 
the respective colonies. He also served up- 
on a lartfe number of special committees, 



".some of which were entrusted with the 
most delicate and responsible duties." On 
acccuiMt of the physical disability of his 
colieaj^ue, Governor Hopkins, the ollicial cor- 
respondence of the Kliude Isl;md delegation 
with the government and citizens of the 
coUuiy was also wholly thrown upon Gover- 
nor Ward. In llie mouth of October he 
writes to his family : 

"I am almost worn out with attention tobuslnese. 
I aril upon a stuiidnig committee of claims, wtiich 
meets every inorniitg betore Congress, and upon 
the secret committee which meets almost every 
afternoon; anu tliese, with a close attendance 
vipiui Coh^-rcss, and wiitlng many letters, make 
my (buy very hwrd, and I cannot get time to ride 
or take otherexerelHe. But I hope the business 
will not be so pressing very long." 

On the :_iOth of September, he writes to his 
brother Henry, uh follows; 

"No news from England since my last. The 

fentlemen from Ueorj-ta deserve the ch;iracter 
gave you of them; they are some of the high- 
est ions ot liberty I have seen, antl are very sensi- 
V)Ie and clever. Mr. Wythe, and Mr. Lee. of Vir- 
ginia, liave been under Inoculation sfnee my last, 
so tha - 1 can say no more of these than I did 
then, having that niibiippv jealousy of New Eng- 
land, which some weak imnds are pi>sse8scd with, 
great unai.itnity prevails in Congicss; our meas- 
ures are spirited, and 1 believe we are now ready 
to go every length to secure our liberties, ./ohu 
Adams's letter has silenced those who opposed 
evt-ry decisive measure; but the m'lderite friends, 
or. as I contiider them, tht enemies ot our cause, 
have caused copies ot it to he sent throughout the 
province, in hopes hv raising the crv ot Indepen- 
dence, to throw liiu friends ot liher'iy out of the 
new Assembly, the choice of which" commences 
next Monday; hut I believe they will fail, and Ibat 
the Hou*ie will be more decidtd than ever. One 
comfort We have, that divine wisdom and good- 
ness oftt I. bring gooil out of ill. That the issue 
ot I Ills sune contest will he the estalillshnient of 
our libertie.s, I as tirmly believe as I do my eiis- 
leiii-e; for 1 never can think that Gtal brought us 
into this wilderness to perish, or, what is worse, 
to bt^i.'ome slaves, but to make us a (sr*?atand free 
peojile." 

The lihode I?l;ind Assembly was the first 
to ;idvocate the building ot an American 
navy, and in.ttructed their two delegates ac- 
cordingly. On the :Jd of October. 1775, 
Governor Ward wrote in his diary witli ref- 
erence to his duties in Congress, as follows: 
^'I'resented our instructions for carrying on 
the war elTectually, and building :in Ameri- 
can Meet." Tliese instructions were for the 
present laid upon the table, and were not 
finally acted ujion till the 11th of December, 
when Congret^s, according to it.*; journal, 
"took into consideration tlie instructions 
given to the delegates of Rhode Ishind, and 
after debate thereon, 

lieM'lffd, That a committee be Appointed to de- 
vise w.iya and means for furnlsliing tliese colo- 
nies with a naval armameut, and report with all 
convenient speed." 

Two days following, the committee report- 
ed in favor of building thirteen ships. After 



lO 



Governor Samuel Ward. 



a full debate the recnrt was adopted by Con- 
gress, and the sliiiis were ordered to be built 
at the expense of the United Colonies. The 
following day Governor Ward wrote to his 
brother: 

'"I have the pleasure to acquaint you that, upon 
consitlering our Instructions for a navy, the Con- 
gress has agreed to build thirteei' ships ot war. 
A committee is to he this day appointed, with tuil 
powers to carry the resolve into execution, pow- 
der and duck are ordered 'o be imported. All 
other articles, it is supposed, may be got lii <he 
colouies. Two of these vessels are to he built lu 
our colony, one in >ew Hampshire, etc. The par- 
ticulars I would not have mentioned. The ships 
are to be built with all possible despatch." 

While this important project was under 
discusi-ion, the ill-judged conduct of the 
British ministry was strengthening the hands 
of patriots lilie'Ciovernor Ward. On the '2d 
of November he writes to his brother: 

"The evening before last, two ships arrived from 
England. The advices which they liring {amongst 
which is a proclamation tor suppr^'ssing rebellion 
and sedition) ale of immense service to us. Our 
councils have been hitherto too fluctuating; one 
day measures tor carrying On the war were adopt- 
ed; the next, nothing must be done that would 
widen the unhappy breach between Great Britain 
and the colonies As these ditfert-nt ideas have 
jirevailed, our conduct has been directed accord- 
ingly. Had we. at the opening of tne Congress in 
Mav, immediately taken proper measures for 
carrying on the war with vigor, we might have 
been in possession of all Canada, undoubtedly, and 
probablv of Boston 'Ihank God, the happy day 
which Thave long wished for is at length arrived ; 
The Southern colonies no longer entertain jealou- 
sies of the >'orIhern; they no longer look hark to 
Great Britain; they are convinced that they have 
been pursuing a phantom, and that their only 
safety is a vigorous, determined defence. One of 
the gei.tlemen. who has been most sanguine for 
pacific measures, and very jealous of the New 
England colonies, addressing me in the style of 
Bmher Rrhel. told me he was now ready to join us 
heartily. "We have got.' says he. 'a suflicient 
answer to our petition; I want nothing more, hut 
am readv to declare ourselves* iudependent. send 
ambassa'dors,' etc , and much more which pru- 
dence forbids me to commit to paper. Our reso- 
lutions will henceforth be spirited, clear and 
decisive. May the Supreme Governor of the 
universe direct and prosp-r them! The pleasure 
which this unanimity gives me is Inexpressible. 
I consider it a sure presage of victory. Mv anxiety 
is now at an end. 1 am no longer worried with 
coutradictory resolutions, but feel a calna, cheer- 
ful satisfaction in having one great and just object 
in view, pnd the means of obtaining it certainly, 
by the divine blessing, in our own hands." 

The condition of the army in Massachu- 
setts at this time engaged Llovemor Ward's 
attention very much, as the difficulties at- 
tending the e'st,ablishment of the continental 
system among troops enlisted under the 
authority of the several colonies were very 
great. Congress was much perplexed by 
these difficulties, which are constantly alluded 
to in General Washington's letters to that 
body. Governor Ward held a correspon- 
dence with General Greene on this subject, 
which threw additional light on these em- 



barrassments, General Greene giving him 
the most accurate information on all the 
points in question. The colony of Rhode 
Island at this period was suffering the con- 
sequences of its patriotic attachment to the 
cause of independence, as the British ships, 
under command ot Captain Wallace, taking 
advantage of the e.vposed condition of its 
shores, sent parties of marauders, who 
devastated the country threatened by the 
fleet. Governor Ward writes to his brother 
at this time: 

"I have traced the progress of this unnatural 
war through burning towns, devastation of the 
country and every subsetjuent evil. I have 
realized wirli regard to nivselt the bullet, the 
bayonet and the halter; and, compared wiih the 
immense object I liave in view, they are all less 
than nothing. No man living, perhaps, is itiore 
fond of his children than I am, and I am not so 
old as to be tired of life; and jet, as far as I can 
now judge, thetenderest connections and the most 
important private concerns are very miuute 
objects. Heaven save nn country! I was going to 
say, is my lirst, my last, and almost my only 
prayer." 

During the autumn the subject of fortify- 
ing the Highlands of the Hudson river also 
occupied the attention of Congress, and Gov. 
Ward mentions in his diary, "tliata com- 
mittee was appointed to con.^ider the subject 
of the fortilications ordered to be erected on 
the Hudson River," and th.at, "Gen. Wooster 
was ordered, unless counter-ordered by Gen. 
Schuyler, to come down to the Highlands, 
leave" as many troops as the managers of the 
works think necessary, .and repair with the 
remainder to New York." On the 12th of 
December, 1775, he writes to his brother: 

"The contest betwen the two countries involves 
a question of no less magnitude than the happi- 
ness or misery of millions, and wten we ext-nd 
our views to future ages, we may say millions of 
millions. Our views, therefore, ought to tie exten- 
sive, our plans great, and our exertions adequate 
to the iinmense object before us, and 8ilch,IUoubt 
not, will Ije the conduct of Congress." 

During this time Gov. Ward's favorite son, 
Capt. Samuel Ward, was participating in .all 
the hardshijis and horrors of Arnold's cele- 
brated march to Quebec through the wilder- 
ness of Maine. The sufferings which these 
brave soldiers underwent were almost un- 
paralleled, while, as is well known, after 
displaying the most desperate courage in 
the attack on Quebec, Dec. 31st, 1775, and 
penetrating far into the city, the very bravest 
of them were outnumbered and made priso- 
ners, Capt. Samuel Ward being among the 
number. The news of this disaster reached 
Congress on the 17th of .January, 1770, by 
dispatches from General Schuyler, and Gov. 
Ward was appointed on the committee to 
whom these dispatches were referred. On 
the 21st he wrote to his son as follows: "I 
most devoutly thank God that you are alive, 



Governor Samuel Ward. 



1 I 



in good health, and have behaved well. 
You have now a new scene uf aition, to 
behave well as a prisoner. Von have been 
taught from your infancy the love of Clod, 
of all mankind, and especially of your 
country; in a due discharge of these various 
duties of life consist true luuior. religion 
and virtue. * * * All r.'inks of people 
here have the highest sense of the great 
bravery and merit of Colonel Arnold, and 
all his otflcers and men. Though prisoners, 
they have ac(;uired immortal honor." * * * 
On the UHh of Kehruary he writes to another 
son (John), in Khode Island: "1 am pleased 
with the acc<mnt which you give nie of the 
military operations in the colony. I expect 
we shall suffer much, I hope we shall bear 
it as becomes freemen, and have no doubt 
but Heaven will crown our generous efforts 
with success." A few days bef^ire, he wrote 
to his brother Henry: "Dr. Franklin, upiui 
my mentioning to hini a letter from the (Jov- 
crnor relative to making powder, gave me a 
receipt from some author, wliich 1 enclose." 
About the same time he writes to his sister: 
"When I consider the alarms, the horrors 
and mischiefs of war. I cinnot help thinking 
what those wreti-hes deserve, wlio have 
involved this innocent country in all its 
miseries. At the same time I adore the 
divine wisdom and goodness, which often 
overrules and directs those calamities to the 
producing of the greatest good. This I 
numbly hope will be cnir case. We may yet 
establish the peace and hapjiiness of our 
native country upon the broad and never- 
failing basis of liberty and virtue. 

When I reflect upon this subject, and an- 
ticipate the glorious jieriod, the dangers of 
disease, th.e inconveniences experienced in 
my jiriv.ate affairs, the almost unpar.alleled 
sufferings of Samuel, (his son, Captain 
Ward,) and all that my dear children and 
friends do or can suffer, appear to me 
trilling." 

(In the 4th of March, he writes to his broth- 
er: 



"The al>andonlne our Islands must be a very 
heavy lots. • • The ('oiiRress is laktnKineasures 
for tlie ih'fcncp of all part8 of the contliu'tit. New 
York. New .fersey, PciiiisTlvaiiiii, the lewer cmin- 
tles. I Delaware,! and >laryland are ril;nle a Ml<Mle 
Dt'partineiit. under lieiiernl .SclmyhT; Virginia, 
North CaroUiia, Snnth Carolina add (ieorjila, the 
Southern I)t.]i,irfriient nniler (ieneral Lee, who 
will soon he drt;tehed there. ,Sl.x hrlnadier.-* are 
appointed for these Colonies. • • * There are 
above thirty hal talions raising, or raised In these 
depart iiienls. and more ean be raised, so that I 
liope the enemy may meet a proper reeepHoii In 
any quarter. A eoniniittee Is appointed bv Coti- 
Kress to eontraet for the making of arms: this Is a 
matter of Immense linnortanee. • • • This new 
ment a vessel Is arrived from Europe with tweidv- 
flvetoesof powder. • • Ceneral l.ee Is t'ortirviinr 
New York. The Captain of the enemy's ships 
eave out they would fire on Ihi' town. (JeiuTal 
Lee in return Kave out that If theydhl.he would 



chain a hundred of their best friends loRether, 
and the first house they set ou fire should be their 
funeral pile." 

The la.st letter in the h.and writing of Gov- 
ernor Ward is dated at I'hiladelphia, March 
11, 17711. He writes to his son. Captiin 
Samuel Ward, in the lofty strain of religious 
patriotism he has made f.amiliar to us, and 
in closing says: "Dr. Kranklin does me the 
favor to take charge of this letter." 

(iovernor Ward i-ontinued his unremitting 
attention to his duties, constintly presiding 
over Congress in committee of the whole, 
etc., until the 1.5th of March, when he was 
obliged to leave the session, owing tr) a vio- 
lent attjick of illnes.s, which, the following 
morning, jiroved to be small-pox. He died 
of this fatal disease on the Uiith of March. 
Dr. Young, who attended him, wrote the 
same day to Governor Ward's brother .as fol- 
lows: "It is with the most heartfelt grief, 
with tile deepestatllictionand pungentregret, 
tli.at I inform yon, the patriotic Samuel 
Ward, Ks(|., left his .anxious, his numerous 
friends in this city to ben-:iil their loss of one 
of the most ;ible, consistent and determined 
defenders of American liberty in his person, 
who departed life at 2 a. ni. this morning, of 
that tremendous disease, the small-pox, taken 
in the natural way." The following day, 
Governor Ward's colleague, the Hon. 
Stephen Hopkins, wrote to the Secretary of 
Khode Island, on the same subject. He says: 

"I am very sorry to be under the necessity of wrft- 
iUK so disagreeable news as the death of your 
brother, the Honorahle Siiiiuel \Vard. Ksq.. must 
be. He first found himself a little out of order on 
Wednesday, the l;Uh of March, ami on that and 
the two tollowing days, he attended (JoiiRress. but 
on the last of them he was so poorly as to be 
obliged to leave it before it rose, and on Saturday, 
the 16th, in the meniiiii,-. the smallpox appeared 
plai.ily. • • • 11.' .•ontlnned with the bad symp- 
toms rather inere;isln!.'. until yesterday morning 
about 2 o'clock, when he c'xpired without a groan 
or struggle. He appeared to have retained his 
senses quite thro' his whole disorder, even to the 
last. 

His funeral is to be attended thisdayst.t o'clock, 
by the Congress as mourners. l»y the'General As- 
sembly of the j)rovlnce of Pennsylvania, by the 
Mayor and Corporation of the city of Philadelphia, 
the Committee of Safety of tlie province, 
an<l the Committee of Inspection of the city 
and llOertles; the clergy of all dern>mlnatlcni8 pre 
ceding tbecnrnse. six very reajiei-table g,. nth-men 
of this city Ijeing pall hearer.s. Me will b.- r;irrled 
into the great Presbyterian Meeting-house, in ' 
Arch street, where a funeral discourse will be de- 
livered by the Rev. Mr. Stillman. The corpse will 
from thenee be carried to the Kap'Ist burylng- 
gruund in ttxis city and there interred. 
Your very alTcctioaate friend, 

Stkp. Hopkins. 

Dr. Young also s.aya in his letter: "So full, 
so firm, so capable, so industrious was Mr. 
Ward, that his loss will be severely felt in 
the Congress. One, at least, of the mighty 
advocates for American independency is fall- 



12 



Governor Samuel Ward. 



en in Mr. Ward, to the great grief of the pro- 
to-patriot Adams." John Adams mentions 
Gov. Ward's death in a letter as follows: 
*'\Ve have this week lost a very valuable 
friend of the Colonies in Governor Ward of 
Rhode Island, by the small-pox in the natur- 
al way. * * * He was an amiable and a 
sensible man, a steadfast friend to his coun- 
try, upon very pure principles. His funeral 
was attended with the same solemnities as 
Mr. Randolph's. Mr. Stillman being the 
Anabaptist minister here, of which persua- 
sion was the Governor, was desired by Con- 
gress to preacli a sermon, which he did with 
great applause." Many years after, in 1821, 
John Adams thus speaks of his character in 
a letter to one of his descendants: "He was a 
gentleman in his manners, benevolent and 
amiable in his disposition, and as decided, 
ardent and uniform in his patriotism as any 
member of that Congress. When he was 
seized with the small-pox, he said that if his 
Tote and voice was necessary to support the 
cause of his country, he should live, if not 
he should die. He died, and the cause of 
his country was supported, but it lost one of 
its most sincere and punctual advocates." 
Governor Ward's remains were interred 
in the I'irst Haiitist Clinrch, and a monument 
was erected over the spot by an act of the 
General Assembly of Rhode Island, passed 
the following May, wnich pays this tribute 
to his memory : 



"WHEltEAH, The Honorable Samuel Ward. Esq.. 
late a delegate for this Colony in the Continental 
Conpress, hath lately deceased in the city of Phila- 
delphia; in testimony of the respect due to his 
memory, and iu grateful remembrance of his pub- 
lic services, 

Jiexolvtd, That his exect.tors or administrators 
are desired, as soon as may be, to exhibit to this 
Assembly an account of his funeral expenses for 
pavment. And it is further resolved, that the 
delegates for this Colony, for the time being, be 
instructed to erect a decent tombstone or menu- 
ment of marble, nith such inscription as they 



shall think suitable, over the place where his body 
hath been deposited, at the expense of this 
Colony." 

The monument was duly erected, and the 
inscription was written by the celebrated 
John Jay. Gov. Ward's remains reposed in 
Philadelphia until 18(10, when they were re- 
moved to the family plot in the cemetery at 
Newport, Rhode Island, where the monu- 
ment ordered by his native Colony still cov- 
ers the ashes of one of the truest and most 
patriotic statesmen of the Revolution. 

A striking feature of Gov. Ward's charac- 
ter was his remarkable grasp of mind and 
st.atesmanlike breadth of view. His letters 
show an appreciation of the critical situation 
of the Colonies, before it had fairly dawned 
upon the minds of any but a, very few states- 
men like himself. As the crisis approached, 
he rose to the situation, and evinced an un- 
alterable desire tor independence, which was 
intensified as the struggle proceeded. The 
noble career of his son, Lieuten.ant Colonel 
(then Captain) Samuel Ward, in the Revolu- 
tionary army, equalled his expectations and 
fanned his love of country to a still holier 
tiame. The letters he addressed to his favo- 
rite son and other relatives breathe a reli- 
gions spirit and devout trust in Providence, 
accompanying and enhancing his intense pa- 
triotism. Gov. Ward's religious character 
was remarkably developed, and a lofty spir- 
ituality pervades his writings, apparently 
stimulating his courage and e.arnestness in 
the great national w'ork in which he was en- 
g.aged. So thoroughly unselfish was he, and 
so regardful of his duty to his country, that 
while aware of the danger he was running of 
taking the fatal disease of which he died, he 
felt that he could not spare time from his pa- 
triotic labors to be inoculated, and thus fell a 
victim to a conscientious discharge of his 
public duties. The country could ill afEord to 
lose so noble an example of the best virtues 
of that greatest period in our national his- 
tory, the American Revolution. 



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